Reflection on Film: Psycho Essay

In the movie Psycho, we see a character that is the one at fault but is so sweet she is obviously the victim here. When the $40,000 is no longer what we see from Marion Crane, it is because she was murdered, she is now the victim. Robert Ebert, from the Chicago Sun Times states â€Å"Marion Crane does steal $40,000, but still she fits the Hitchcock mold of an innocent to crime.† She was originally at fault here, and then she is brutally murdered for no reason by Norman Bates, who now becomes the center of attention. We must now figure him out! â€Å"Marion has overheard the voice of Norman’s mother speaking sharply with him, and she gently suggests that Norman need not stay here in this dead end, a failing motel on a road that has been bypassed by the new interstate. She cares about Norman. She is also moved to rethink her own actions. And he is touched. So touched, he feels threatened by his feelings. And that is why he must kill her.† states Ebert. This point being made, never occurred to me while watching the movie, I saw just a crazy guy that thought she was pretty and his â€Å"mother† didn’t want him to be with her, so out of fear he killed her. Psycho was a great film that truly was the setup up for future horror films. It is the masterpieces of Hitchcock that really set the standard of movies we see today, he is the master of them and people use his example. Psycho being this horror movie that has a huge unexpected twist in the plot really makes you feel for the characters and engages you in to the film, you almost feel like you are with Marion in the bath tub while she is murdered, you can feel your heart pound from the screeching sound of the music. Everything that was put in this movie was put there for a reason and it all pulls you right in with it.

Position/Competition/Branding of Apple Iphone

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY MMPG: Position/Competition/Branding of Apple iPhone OLAMIDE O. BELLO 11/20/2012 STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT (BUSINESS 520) PROFESSOR: DR. ANDREW HONEYCUTT Smart Phone Market Samsung, the Korean tech giant, is the leader in the Smartphone following the third quarter, extending its lead over Apple (Gartner's report released on Wednesday this week). The Android-based Galaxy smart phones have a very strong sales compare to Apple which makes android the lead in the global Smartphone market accounting for 32. percent of the worldwide market share (UCStrategies Staff). Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005, after 2years, Google declare android distribution public in late 2007. Today Android is leading the smart phone market(UCStrategies Staff). The strengths: Decentralized Distribution: Android found strength in mass distribution, pleased companies such as HTC, Samsung and Motorola by offering them competitive platform for free, this help reduce the production cost and pass the savings to the consumer.With such competitive platform at a reduced price, consumer can easily change to android phone cheaply with no contract and android works on any mobile operator(The Next Web). The weaknesses: Mixed Results: Since different carrier and manufacturers do have freedom to used android, this brings no standard and control to android usage. Crappy hardware can depreciate the value of the android and lead to terrible experience. With different manufacturer customize android with no universal standard create consumer confusion.So decentralized distribution is also the android weakness(The Next Web). Product Branding Branding as been defined as â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those competitors†(Kotler). Apply is great at branding compare to other competitor, it takes less than a second to identify apple iPhon e just by the look and the logo unlike other competitors. Apple OS only runs on apple phone and there is not third manufacturer involved. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company.Apple brands brings intense, active loyalty, positive, accessible reaction, point-of-parity ; difference, deep and broad brand awareness to iPhones (Kotler p. 249). With Apple branding, iphone design and functionality become difficult to compromise. References The Next Web Retrieved from http://thenextweb. com/mobile/2011/11/14/androids-strength-is-also-its-weakness-decentralization/ Unified Communication Strategies: Samsung Leads Global Smartphone Market Retrive from http://www. ucstrategies. com/unified-communications-newsroom/samsung-leads-global-smartphone-market. aspx Marketing Management by Kotler Keller

Business Brief for Franklin Fan pany

Franklin Fan pany, the producer of the electric fan, was built up by engineers Dan Block and Ed Spriggs. The organization was started in Dan Block's garage and showed moderate however relentless growth for the first seven years. It was amid this time Mr. Block and Mr. Spriggs planned to shift the business to an old meat-packing warehouse situated on Chicago's South Side. As more area was available for storing the stock, the organization started producing extra series of fans; developing the business. After 15 years, the organization again migrated to a fresh modern warehouse and turned into the biggest autonomous producer of fans in the north central area. The area of new warehouse is greater than 100,000 square feet. The extra space has expanded limit from 65% to 90%, however sales growth did not increase (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). Capacity is the most extreme degree of output that an organization supports to prepare a product or give a service over a timeframe (investopedia , n.d). Capacity planning is necessary to decide ideal utilization of asset and plays an essential role in decision-making process, for instance, development of prevailing operations, changes to product line, beginning the new products, and so forth. Planning guarantees that operating cost is kept up at any possible measure without influencing the features. It ensures the organization to stay centred and can reach the long-term improvement plan. A plete objective of capacity planning is to meet the present and future level of the necessity at an irrelevant wastage (MSG, n.d). Manufacturing capacity is expanded to meet a quick rise in demand of the customer or to meet a future rise in customer demand. A quick capacity increase is procured by utilizing apparatus that is already in charge for some time using extra shifts or additional time; or deploying the work. Future capacity increments are a plished utilizing the present apparatus more effectively or purchasing new apparatus. Franklin Fan pany tries to increase its business units. Its goal is to pick up escalation in the fan market and acquire more portion of the overall industry. Franklin's want of escalation must be pelling because the more prominent the size of the market, the more noteworthy the benefit (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). However, the expansion in capacity of manufacturing brings about increased expenditure, more critical plexities, and requirement for skilful administration. Then again, insufficient production capacity can bring about decrease in orders which could provoke client dissatisfaction. Lacking capacity could in like manner realize over utilization of existing hardware and labour. Franklin Fan pany ought to have the capacity to coordinate business, development and capacity planning for long term presence (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, n.d). A manager can keep up a high state of capacity by keeping up a vital distance from bottlenecks in the production procedure. A bottleneck is a condition of blockage that moderates the procedure. Any event that stops production extends expenditure and may postpone a shipment of goods to a client. Deferrals may mean losing a customer order and possibly the loss of future business from the customer. Management can avoid bottlenecks by working with dependable sellers and appropriately training representatives (MSG, n.d). In case the manufacturing of the CF151 and PF302 fans are provided a level of quality, the Franklin Fan organization should make the fans and store them for the low demand season to counterbalance manufacturing limit requirement at the time when demand is high. This right idea ought to be used if the standardization is up to a determined level of generation of the fans. With the support of standardization, Franklin Fan pany can adjust capacity prerequisites in the midst of time when demand is high by producing stock in the time of low demand.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Business Ethics - Essay Example In ‘The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues’ Peter Singer makes such a moral interpretation, in arguing for the importance of considering nonhumans in ethical decision making. In examining Peter Singer’s argument in ‘The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues,’ this essay considers both Singer’s greatest intellectual strengths and greatest intellectual weaknesses. If one makes a brief perusal of some of Peter Singer’s writings on ethical constructs, such as ‘Foreign Aid and the Moral Value of Freedom’, one notices that one of Singer’s predominant strengths as a writer is his ability to distill complex ideas into easily understandable prose. Indeed, in ‘The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues’ this strength is also witnessed as Singer makes great effort to clearly define the topic of his discussion and the various points of his argument. For instance, he identifies the extent of the subject being examined – the nonhumans – by stating, â€Å"it is with nonhuman animals, rather than plants, that I am chiefly concerned† (Singer, pg. 558). He also further elaborates his argument in this regard by noting that while animals are often regard as a collective entity, in his argument they will be considered along individual criteria. Singer also clearly states the central issue of his i nvestigation and doesn’t engage in elaborate circumlocution in advancing the argument’s central concerns; he states, â€Å"The general question, then, is how the effects of our actions on the environment of nonhuman beings should figure in our deliberations about what we ought to do† (Singer, pg. 558). Singer is also clear and direct in qualifying that the nonhuman animals he is considering must have interests that distinguish them from entities such as rocks or even plants and trees that while living entities, most people will agree lack any sort of conscious interest or developed sense of pain. One

Reebok Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reebok - Essay Example ng strategy involves establishing trust between salespeople and retailers, giving retailers sufficient information about the products to ensure they conduct sales at ease and provide retailers with support after the sale. â€Å"Sean Neville the senior vice president and general manager of Reebok North America† confirms that the aim of the company is to sell quality products to the customer, and the retailer  used as an intermediary. The salespeople in the company ensure they think like the retailer selling goods to the consumer (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2011). This information is crucial because customers are able to know the objectives of Reebok. In addition, the customers are also able to know how the company operates. The information is also beneficial to retailers who ensure the company’s products reach customers. Competitors can also use the information to learn more about the company’s strategies that assist it to stay on top. The information draws the inference that Reebok is among the best companies known for sportswear. In addition, the information puts Reebok at the forefront as the one of the main manufacturers of sport shoes. Nonetheless, the information generates a number of questions too for instance; how the company communicates with retailers and customers, how the company deals with competitors and approaches the company uses to remain on top. In addition, further ideas also generated by the information that include; the style of operation of the company and how they do their business to ensure customers remain satisfied for many

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Statement of purpose - Essay Example Working as a creative artist for an events management company and then as an accounts executive in an advertising agency, my career prospects have been hopefully bright. This experience has inspired me to further my knowledge of the complex business world by pursuing an MBA course of study with greater emphasis on international business strategy. I fervently hope that the level of expertise and intelligence obtained from an MBA program of study specifically from California State University, Los Angeles, could help me become a professional business executive capable of successfully piecing together the vast puzzle of literature on the subject of international business to arrive at convincing solutions. I am confident I have a highly appropriate academic background as shown by my current level of education to join the community of scholars in your prestigious MBA program. While in college, I participated in diverse extra and intra-curricular activities that allowed me to develop my creative capabilities in designing and executing highly ambitious marketing campaigns. Further I am also interested in marketing research that has a broader applicatory significance in multicultural societies. I was attracted by the very seminal and the broader perspective-centric nature of the contents of the MBA program of study at the California State University, Los Angeles. To be sure it’s not only an academic qualification that I am interested in. In fact I am looking for a significant experience in an enriching academic environment. In other words what I have been fundamentally attracted towards in the CSU, Los Angeles is the very curriculum content based on enhancing the student’s analytical skills in competitive business environments. I am sure my ambition to be a marketing manager with particular emphasis on brand management strategy would go a long way despite the

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 5

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow - Essay Example Whether in primary or middle school, the true purpose of education has lost its significance to a great extent as people seem to have forgotten that education is intrinsically linked with acquisition of knowledge. (Davidson and Carber, 2009, p.9) During the formative years, the students traverse through different stages of development and the educational programs that they are taught are not similar as that of middle schools, but one of the most significant aspects of PYP or Primary Years Program is to inculcate the idea of inquiry although it is doubtful whether the educators make genuine efforts for developing the stance of inquiry (Davidson and Carber 2009, p.11). Moreover, the teachers are concerned with the completion of curriculum that robs the children of their natural abilities of expression. For instance, if a child is unable to grasp the concept of ‘transparent’ in the classroom, a teacher may or may not prefer to take special efforts to think of a better way to solve this problem although the principles of teaching reinforce this concept. Thus, knowledge remains unfinished in most schools from early childhood and children may never learn to ask questions even during the latter years when they grow up to become adults. Knowledge, as it is known to us remains a maxim that looks good in text books and it is a fact that few people will be able to abolish when viewed in today’s perspective. The most common example that can be cited for explaining the redundancy of knowledge is that of computer education, which is now being taught in most schools and colleges. It is undoubtedly true that the world of computers, which is developing faster than a sudden storm, leave the learners in awe. Moreover, the parents are puzzled with the inclination among most children to choose computer as their chosen subject. Additionally, the computer programs and curriculums that are taught in

Trailblazers in Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trailblazers in Photography - Essay Example Thus, throughout the development of photography, several individuals have dedicated their lives to this art with astounding results and their names etched on the list of trailblazers in photography. Prominent trailblazers in photography Simply described, photography is the art as well as the science of creating long-lasting images on a film or paper and this ideally forms the basis of trailblazers in photography. Basically, the camera obscura which implies a dark chamber is the main device used in photography. Its invention dates back to Leonardo da Vinci discovery of the pin-hole camera. The camera works on the principle of concealing the image of an illuminated object where the image is taken (Halstead 1). Ancient cameras required the object to be exposed to light for as long as eight hours. The first photograph recorded was taken in 1826 by the French innovator, Joseph Nicephore Niepce. The exposure time recorded was eight hours which accounted for no ancient human photographs. Th ese ancient photographs were monochromes which continued to dominate the world of photography even after color photography came into being. The first color photograph of a tartan ribbon was taken by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861 (Halstead 1). Advancement in photography was then taken over by companies like Kodak, Sony among others. Photography has several genres among them photojournalism. Besides, various individuals have been for a long time known as trailblazers in photography. Among the distinguished figures of photojournalism, Alfred Eisenstaedt also became known as Eisie. Beginning his career in 1920 in Berlin as a photojournalist, Eisie rose to leave a great legacy and profound impact in photography. Using a camera invented by Dr. Erich Salomon, this photographer succeeded in recording people’s lives. In fact, he endured the risk of annoying people by venturing into their rooms to photograph them. Furthermore, he engaged the people he photographed on the subject of his i nterest (Eder 258). His pictures produced a life story unlike others who did not utilize such ensuing opportunities or particular interests. Eisie revolutionized photojournalism in several ways. He had a passion for photography and never got tired of taking pictures. Eisie was a real visual story teller and provided a platform on which other foundations of photojournalism are based. The work Eisie was based on real life situations which represented a particular subject of his own interest. His passion for photography, humor, decisions and determination made him produce the best photos ever in his era. Photographs taken at his time were mostly monochromes (Halstead 1). Though todays photos are colored, few can match Eisie work. His contribution was so immense that he was named the photojournalist of the century. Fashion and women nudity are subjects of fascination which materialize hard to study apart. Few photographers dedicated their time to photograph these aspects. Helmut Newton is one of the famous photographers who dedicated his time to photograph fashion but later deviated to photographing naked women. Helmut started as a portrait photographer in Singapore. Basically, experience in photography paced way for the establishment of a studio in Australia. He later worked for the popular magazine dubbed as Playboy in California. Helmut had his best photography career and his photos remain highly priced assets (Weaver and Daniel 22). His popularity has

Analysis of an organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of an organization - Assignment Example The major sponsors of Trinity Health are the Catholic Church, under the auspices of the Catholic Health Ministries. This was an organization created for purposes of overseeing the management and administration of Trinity Health, and the healing ministry of the church. One of the tangible assets of the organization is the number of its employees, who are many and diverse. Trinity Health is an organization that employs more than 89,000 people, at different hospitals and health care center operated and managed by the company. This is beneficial to the company, mainly because the people employed are diverse, and they come with different skills, experiences, and culture which may be beneficial to the company (Hernandez, 2012). Furthermore, because of this diversity in its workforce, the company manages to get the right workers, who understand the language preferences, cultural beliefs, traditions, values and health practices of the various communities that the agency serves, and hence use this knowledge to develop policies and services that would help in catering for these needs (Zuckerman, 2009). Because of this diverse workforce, the organization will manage to be innovative, hence develop solutions that can satisfy the needs of the community that it serves (Zuckerman, 2009). For any organization to succeed, and obtain a strategic advantage, satisfaction of the needs of its customers is the key (Moseley, 2009). In the medical and health care field, there is a constant change in the needs of customers, and this is because of the emergence of new diseases, ailments, or medical conditions (Hernandez, 2012). Therefore, the best way of efficiently diagnosing and treating these diseases is through coming up with new medical practices and solutions. It is difficult to achieve this situation without being innovative. An important intangible asset is goodwill. Because of the large size of the organization, the company has

The law relating to organ transplantation Essay Example for Free

The law relating to organ transplantation Essay Organ transplants can vastly improve patients quality of life and benefit their families and society in general by restoring an ill and dependent individual to health. On cost benefit analysis transplants prove ultimately cheaper than long-term dialysis by i 191,000 per patient on average. However, there are fewer donors than there are needy patients although this should not be the case, because the percentage of willing donors lie in the 70s. Nonetheless, actual donations languish in the 20s. I argue that this is due to the misdirected and incoherent legal structure in place. I suggest that to increase the number of organs for transplantation a presumed consent system should be implemented to close the gap between willing and actual donations. In conjunction with improved coordination this will ameliorate the severe shortage. Such a system is ethically and morally justified. I consider other options under cadaveric donation such as increased investment in coordination without a change in the default position of deference to relatives (in the footsteps of Spain), as well as alternatives to cadaveric donation, such as live donations and xenotransplantation. They are however problematic both ethically and practically, such that even if the law formally and effectively ensures that all who need organs get them, it would be normatively wrong. 1 The law relating to organ transplantation The terms of the relevant law must be subject to critique, because ultimately healthcare workers must work within the existing common law and legislation, even as they seek to save patients from an avoidable early death. The definition of death is problematic. Today the concept of brain death has been adopted by most Western countries. Others suggest however that when the capacity for sentience is irrevocably absent, the minimum criteria for personhood no longer exists, despite the presence of a functioning brain stem. Perhaps it is best to admit that it is impossible to define the moment of death with any certainty or precision, and that the important task therefore is to determine at what point in the process of dying organ retrieval becomes legitimate. In the UK, s1(4) of the HTA61 specifies that the doctor be satisfied that life is extinct before organ retrieval may take place but there is no statutory definition of death, leaving that to a matter of clinical judgement. Standard practice is for two independent doctors to perform two sets of tests to determine brain stem death. The HTA61 outdated and prevents the facilitation of a successful programme. The current system tries to allow for all possible scenarios. S1(1) approximates an opt-in system, but there is no definition of who the person lawfully in possession of the body is, and a verbal intention is only legally valid when it is made in the course of the last illness. Further, according to HSC 1998/035, 8. 2, if a patient is a recorded willing donor, there is no legal requirement to establish a lack of objection on the part of relatives, but in practice it is good practice for any objectives raised by relatives to take priority over donors wishes. S1(2) approximates a weak opt-out scheme applying where the deceased has left no recorded expression of his or her wishes. The person lawfully in possession of the body is authorised to remove organs for transplantation if reasonable enquiry shows that the deceased did not object to organ removal or that the surviving spouse or any surviving relative has no objection to the use of the organs. Although it is fairly evident why spouses should be invited to express their views, this does not reflect the reality of the situation in which many adults now live cohabitees or long term partners now fulfil this role. The system is on aggregate incoherent and piecemeal, and when an organ is taken, no one knows for sure why is it because the medical team has requested, or is it because the medical team has procured it under s1(2) of the HTA61? McLean opines that the current legislation is more of a hindrance than an assistance to an effective transplantation programme. So, to increase the number of organs for transplantation a presumed consent system should be implemented in conjunction with improved coordination to ameliorate the severe shortage. Such a system is ethically and morally justified. 2 Dead Donors Presumed Consent Historically doctors were thought reluctant to ask families of the deceased about the possibility of donating their relatives organs. However, Gentleman et al. found that in fact request rates were reasonably high such that the belief that a failure to request is the cause for organs shortage is no longer sustainable. Rather, the problem with the opt-in system is its inability to enforce deceased individuals preferences because the family vetoes it, in part because they were never made known. For a grieving and bereft family, a request for organ donation is difficult to agree to because they can only guess at the wishes of the deceased and if there were any doubt at all, would not the natural answer be a rejection? If relatives had severe objections, they should be taken into account for to do otherwise raises the spectre of the swastika, but the point remains that by changing the default position of organ donation it is a veto clearly against the deceaseds wishes, which would be rather more unlikely to take place than the current veto due to a simple lack of information. It is not that the PC system is ethically unsound. I argue that presumed consent is superior to the opt-in system because it truly ensures autonomy by giving effect to choices each person makes. It gives legal effect to individual autonomy and it ensures truly informed consent when accompanied by public education and information, instead of intuitive responses to organ donation. Nonetheless, some problems with presumed consent have been pointed out. Patient autonomy lies at the very heart of modern medicine and medical research . This is partly a reaction against medical paternalism and an increasing awareness of the integrity of the individual. It may be argued that a presumed consent (PC) system is paternalistic but it concomitantly reinforces individual autonomy and preserves the dignity and integrity of the individual especially in comparison to, for example, an organs market. McLean points out that underpinning the UK system of organ donation is the fundamental view that organ transplantation should be a gift relationship. So Sir Morris doubts that proposals to change legislation to allow presumed consent to be introduced are likely to be publicly accepted. However, why is presumed consent any less a gift? It does not mean widespread harvesting of cadaveric organs. It means greater public awareness and individual choice that is made concrete. More practical considerations also exist. First, the need for sophisticated infrastructure to maintain an opting-out register. But this is a problem of the past century. Today, only Internet access and a computer is necessary. It is no more difficult than maintaining a register for opting-in patients. If the number of donors truly reflects the number that are willing at 70% then it is in fact more efficient to keep a shorter list of those who do not wish to donate, which would constitute only 30% of the population. Secondly, there is a fear of adverse publicity if organs are taken in the face of relatives objections but as argued above, these could be taken into account, and public education moral suasion could persuade the public of the logic of a need for such a system, to cause a change in social values. For example, when the presumed consent system was implemented in Singapore, statistics showed that more people came forward as donors under a separate legal scheme as a result of heightened public awareness of great need. Even the family was more likely to agree to organ harvesting the Muslim cadaver belongs to her family, so despite the exemption of Muslims from the presumed consent system, Muslim donations rose as well. Due to the widespread awareness of the merits of organ donation with public education and the support of religious leaders with clear moral grounds for the scheme, social values developed to embrace this medical system. Third, one might ask if resources could be better employed than on the maintenance of such a system but if it solves the problem of organ shortage and alleviates medical conditions at the knife-edge between life and death, it is a small price to pay in terms of opportunity cost. Alternatives to Presumed Consent Required request of families bypasses individual autonomy. It is precisely the problem with the current system. Financial and medical priority incentives a survey of the systems currently in place reveals that compensation is illegal. Blumstein says that in the US, families are offended when financial incentives are offered when they consent to their deceased relatives organs being donated. Nonetheless, the American Medical Association (AMA) has voted to encourage studies to determine whether financial incentives could increase the pool of cadaveric organ donors. Among strategies considered are small payments to deflect the funeral cost of a relative and preferential consideration for organ donation when a member of someones family has donated an organ. This prioritisation is manifestly unethical it may be pragmatic but why should donation work on this basis? Should it not work on a basis of response to medical need, instead of allowing queue jumping by people who volunteer someone elses organs? Financial incentives could increase the pool of cadaveric organs, but there are other methods to consider namely my proposal of presumed consent which are far more egalitarian and prima facie altruistic so far as cadeveric donations are concerned. Relaxed restrictions amounts to mere tweaking of the existing system which does not address ethical problems with the current system, such as the undermining of individual autonomy. If the list of criteria for the exclusion of donors is made less stringent, to allow a greater pool of potential donors, the final filtrate of donors will still be paltry in comparison with a comprehensive overhaul of the current system. Improved coordination take for example Spains system based on familial consent. The lessons learnt are that a decentralised system appears most effective, comprising 1) local organisations that focus mainly on organ procurement and promotion of donation and 2) large structures that focus on promoting organ sharing and co-operation. This simply means more investment is needed. The real issue remains this: if the main reason forwarded for not having the opt-out system diminished personal freedom is the same reason for why the Spanish coordination system works, should we not be wary, even if the numbers crunch delectably? Coupled with the PC system however this would greatly increase the effectiveness of the organ transplantation system and protect autonomy too. Elective Ventilation of deep coma patients close to death with no possibility of recovery for a few hours to preserve their organs long enough to prepare for their removal after death. A trial held in Exeter in 1988 led to a 50% increase in the number of organs suitable for transplantation, but was halted in 1994 when the Department of Health declared in unlawful, because it was not in the patients best interests but whilst of no direct benefit to the patient, it is not contrary to the patients interests and has the potential to benefit others. Nonetheless, this would still be subject to relatives vetoes without a systemic revamp.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina Merjema Aletic Introduction The very definition of Foreign direct investment is controlling ownership in a bussiness enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. The collapse of the former Yugoslav Federation, Croatia and Slovenia declared independence in 1991 while paramilitary origins from Serbia occupied several Bosnia and Herzegovina towns killing civil Bosniaks and Croat. In this clash of ethnic groups, BIH was confronted with serious humanitarian and social problems in which thousands of people died. The conflict lasted (1992-1995) until the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed in Paris in December 1995 between the counterparts (Malcolm 2002). With one confederation, two entities, ten cantons in the Federation, five administrative areas in the Serb Republic, a special Brcko district, plus municipalities and local government unit presents a very complex political system in the world which conceals meaningful barriers and bureaucratic obstacles that will need to overcome (Ilgun, 2009). Many aspects of the regulatory quality reforms have stagnated over a number of years, making BiH among the least competitive economies in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. To enhance the prospects of the country as a destination for foreign investment further steps were taken, especially by establishing the Promotion Agency (FIPA), privatization and incentives for foreign investors. Literature review Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an extraordinary and growing role in global business. It has long been recognized that the benefits of FDI for the host country can be significant, including knowledge and technology transfer to domestic firms and the labor force productivity spillovers, enhanced competition, and improved access for exports abroad, notably in the source country (Demekas et al, 2005 and Botric, 2010). Due to the low domestic savings there is need for attraction of foreign direct investment for future economic growth (Botric, 2010).The consensus view in the literature is that the benefits of FDI tend to significantly outweigh its costs for host countries (Demekas et al, 2005). There are two types od FDI: Horizontal FDI (HFDI) is market-seeking investment, aimed primarily at the domestic market in the host country, when local production is seen as a more efficient way to penetrate this market than exports from the source country, and Vertical FDI (VFDI) is cost-mini mizing investment, when a multinational corporation chooses the location of each link of its production chain to minimize global costs (Demekas et al, 2005). As a result of these differences in motivation, a number of host country factors, such as market size, trade restrictions, and transport costs, can have different effects on HFDI and VFDI. Predictable policy environment that promotes macroeconomic stability, ensures the rule of law and the enforcement of contracts, minimizes distortions, supports competitiveness, and encourages private sector development can be expected to stimulate all private including foreign investment (Demekas et al, 2005). Among the macroeconomic and political environment factors it is the political stability as the most important factor that influences investment decision. Furthermore in the case of the institutional environment, protection of investors is one of the important factors. Those can be the tax systems, lack of corruption, the ease of starting up a company, law of contract, transparency, safeguarding of property rights and efficiency of justice (Ilgun, 2009). Although Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina are slightly lagging behind the other countries, they are on a good path to make further progress in this area of reform implementation (Penev and Rojec, 2004). High poli tical risks in the region in the past decade posed one of the greatest obstacles to FDI inflow although this varied amongst countries. Private foreign capital is very sensitive to any investment risk, so that the countries with an unstable political and economic environment are almost unattractive to private foreign investors (Penev and Rojec, 2004). After the political failure, BIH has also started a wide reaching process of reconstruction and development of its political, economic, social and legal systems of the country (Ilgun, 2009). All Southeastern European countries, each to a different degree, need to make further efforts to simplify complex tax and customs laws and regulations, facilitate access to land and construction permits, strengthen the judiciary, accelerate the resolution of commercial disputes, and eliminate remaining discriminatory provisions against foreign investors. It is found that high unit labor costs, a high corporate tax burden, and, to a lesser extent, a high level of import tariffs discourage FDI (Demekas et al, 2005), while a liberal foreign exchange and trade regime and advanced reforms in the infrastructure sector encourage FDI (Penev and Rojec, 2004). Reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina related to FDI The role of FDI in economic growth and development is now widely acknowledged, and all countries are actively seeking to attract it. Several forms can be used for capital investing abroad: investment in a joint venture with a local firm, acquisition of a foreign firm (mergers acquisitions) or construction of a facility (wholly owned) (Ilgun, 2009). In order to create and improve bussiness climate Bosnia and Herzegovina accelerated Economic Reform process. The aim of BH is to eliminate legal and administrative obstacles for doing business in BH, as well as create the most attractive business environment in the SEE (FIPA). Many aspects of the regulatory quality reforms have stagnated over a number of years, making BiH among the least competitive economies in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. BiH currently ranks 131st out of 189 economies on the Doing Business indicators for 2014 (World bank). The business environment in BiH is the least friendly in the region, as it is burdene d by a large and complex public administration system and layers of administrative approval authorities which increases costs (World bank). World bank (2013) supports BiH’s business environment reforms and includes areas such as reducing the time and cost for registering a business, streamlining procedures for obtaining construction permits, and facilitating trade across borders shown in Figure 1. Based on IAB results (2010), countries tend to attract more FDI if they allow foreign ownership of companies in a variety of sectors, make start-up, land acquisition, and commercial arbitration procedures efficient and transparent, and have strong laws protecting investor interests. For instance, studies have shown that 70% of countries miss out on foreign investment due to deficiencies of investment promotion institutions in providing potential investors with accurate and up-todate information (IAB, 2010). These policies target improving BiH’s competitiveness, helping to facilitate the country’s dialogue with the EU on accession, and promoting economic growth. The May 2014 floods are estimated to have caused around US$2.9 billion in damages and losses, the equivalent of nearly 15 percent of GDP in 2014. Figure 1. Fastest and slowest countries for starting a foreign business. BiH is in a delicate position, caught between the â€Å"middle-income trap† (too poor to be a world-class innovator and service provider, but too rich to compete for low-cost manufacturing) and legacy issues on the one hand, and having the potential and opportunities to improve the business environment and attract more investment on the other (world bank, 2013). The main goal of BH is EU membership. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a potential candidate country for EU accession and BH has signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union, which is a step toward EU membership (FIPA, 2012). Bosnia and Herzegovina has signed the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), creating a free trade zone with access to a large consumer market. Also,the process of negotiation to join the World Trade Organisation is underway. Privatization in Bosnia and Herzegovina is an overall process, through which attractive investment opportunities are opened up to foreign investors in sectors such as the energy sector and telecommunications. Bosnia and Herzegovina is accelerating the privatization process for companies of strategic importance in order to increase economic growth and enhance the volume of foreign investment. The existence of free zone as part of the customs territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is specially fenced and marked and where business activities are carried out under special conditions in accordance with the Law on Customs Policy of BH and the Law on Free Zones of BH (FIPA). Any industrial, commercial or service activity, (banking, insurance and reinsurance of property and persons, etc.), can be carried out in the free zone. The users of free zone do not pay VAT and import customs, so investment in the free zone, transfer of profit and transfer of investment are free of charge. One of t he main reasons for investing in BH is also favorable tax system. Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the lowest rates of VAT (17%) in the region and Europe, as well as the very acceptable corporate tax rates that are also among the lowest in the region and Europe (10%) (FIPA). Bosnia and Herzegovina has Agreements on avoidance of double taxation with the following countries: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and Northern Ireland (FIPA). Agreements on Avoidance of Double Taxation, which mean that companies only have to pay tax in their home country, accelerate the flow of investments into the signatory countries, encourage joint ventures, create more investment opportunities, expedite the transfer of technology and constitute a legal framework to bolster economic cooperation and enhance strategic economic partnership (FIPA). With the purpose of facilitating trade, creating preconditions for the increase in exchange of goods (and particularly expor t), the creation of a favorable environment for domestic and foreign investments, Bosnia and Herzegovina concluded certain number of bilateral/multilateral free trade agreements. Bosnia and Herzegovina has signed the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), in effect as of November 2007, with the following countries: Albania, Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, UNMIK/Kosovo (FIPA). BH has also signed a Free Trade Agreement with Turkey which provides additional free access to this consumer market with 70 million people. Bosnia and Herzegovina has 40 Agreements on Promotion and Protection of Investments with the following countries: Albania, Austrua, Belgium and Luxemburg, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Netherlands, OPEC Fund, Pakistan, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and USA OPIC (FIPA). Foreign investors concerned about risks of transfer restrictions, expropriation, war and civil disturbances and denial o f justice, can be insured against these risks with the European Union Investment Guarantee Trust Fund for Bosnia and Herzegovina, administered by the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA, member of the World Bank Group). According to the Central Bank of BH (CBBH) annual data shown in Figure 2. And Figure 3., total amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina till December 2013 was 11,044 million BAM or 11 billion BAM (5,647 million EUR or 5.6 billion EUR). The inflow of FDI in 2013 amounted to 418 million BAM (214 million EUR). Figure 2. Foreign currency reserves, in million euro Source: FIPA Figure 3. Flow of FDI in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by years, million â‚ ¬ Source: FIPA; *preliminary data withouth reinvested earnings The biggest amount of investments in BIH was made by companies from Austria (27.1 %) and Serbia (15.6%). Croatia (11.7%), Slovenia (11.4%), Switzerland (6.8%), Germany (5.5%), Russia (5%), The Netherlands (2.5%), Italy (2.1%), USA (1.9%), Turkey (1.3%), and other countries (9.1%) follow them (Table 1). Table 1. Top investor countries in BiH, Country Amount (Million Euro) Percent Austria 1,446 27.10% Serbia 832 15.60% Croatia 626 11.70% Slovenia 610 11.40% Switzerland 364 6.80% Germany 294 5.50% Russia 268 5.00% The Netherlands 134 2.50% Italy 114 2.10% USA 99 1.90% Turkey 68 1.30% Other Countries 487 9.10% TOTAL 5,300 100% Source: FIPA – Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012), Investment Opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 2012, Sarajevo. A part of the efforts aimed at attracting foreign investors, the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliamentary Assembly adopted the Law on Foreign Direct Investments, which established political directions for favorable treatment of foreign investors and protection of their interests. Foreign investors enjoy the following benefits (APF 2009; FIPA 2012): Exemption from customs duties on investments; Unlimited right to open and keep an account in all commercial banks in the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in domestic or any other foreign convertible currency; The right of free and undisturbed foreign transfer of all income realized by investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina in all convertible currencies; Equal property rights with all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Protection from nationalization, expropriation, requisition, or measures with similar consequences; The right to employ foreign citizens in accordance with Bosnia and Herzegovina laws on labor and immigration. International Development Agency (IDA) and Investment Guarantee Agency (IGA) provide guarantees for protection from political risks for short term and medium term commercial transactions between Bosnia and Herzegovina companies and foreign companies, suppliers and banks. Conclusion The main advantage of FDI is its contribution to economic growth in host countries. The extent of such growth enhancing responses depends on country specific characteristics such as liberal trade regimes, accumulation of human and physical capital and macroeconomic stability (ilgun, 2009). Bosnia and Herzegovina is accelerating the privatization process for companies of strategic importance in order to increase economic growth and enhance the volume of foreign investment. BiH’s business environment reforms includes areas such as reducing the time and cost or registering a business, streamlining procedures for obtaining construction permits, and facilitating trade across borders. With the purpose of facilitating trade, creating preconditions for the increase in exchange of goods (and particularly export), the creation of a favorable environment for domestic and foreign investments, Bosnia and Herzegovina concluded certain number of bilateral/multilateral free trade agreements. Due to the good reputation and long industrial tradition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the manufacturing sector received the largest amount of FDI (32%). A significant share of investment has been in banking sector (22%). References APF Agency for Privatization in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2009), http://www.apf.com.ba Botric, V. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment in the Western Balkans: Privatization, Institutional Change and Banking Sector Dominance. Economic Annals. Voolume LN, No. 187. The Institute of Economics, Zagreb. Demekas, D.G., Horvath, B., Ribakova, E., Wu, Y. (2005). Foreign Direct Investement in Southeastern Europe: How (and How Much) Can Policies Help? IMF Wroking Paper. European Department. FIPA – Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012). Investment Opportunities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. March 2012, Sarajevo. Investing Across Borders. (2010). Investment Climate Advisory Services. World Bank Group. Ilgun E., Coskun A. (2009). Foreign Direct Investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Banking sector example. Vol. 4. No. 2. Alatoo Academic Studies Malcolm, N. (2002). Bosnia: A short history, Pan Books, Pan Macmillian Ltd. London Penev, S. Rojec, M. (2004). Foreign Direct Investment and Investement Climate in South-East Europe. Economic Annals. Economic Institute, Belgrade. World Bank Group – Bosnia and Herzegovina Partnership: Country Program snapshoot. (2014). http://www.worldbank.org.ba 1

The Mayas, Aztecs, And Incas Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations each originated from Latin America. Some Mayans lived in southern Mexico in the present day states of Chipas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yacatan, and Quintana Roo. Other Mayans lived in Central America in the countries of Belize, Guatemala, and ancient Honduras. The Incas lived in an Empire which they called Tawantinsuyu. Tawantinsuya means four parts. The Incas lived in present day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. The four parts were a long coastal strip, the high peaks and deep fertile valleys of the Andes, and the mountainous edges of the tropical forest to the East. The Aztecs were from Aztlan in either north or northwest Mexico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each Maya City governed it's surrounding area and some large cities each controlled one or more smaller cities. A Maya City ruler would be succeeded by his younger brother or son. This led generations of a single family to rule for hundreds of years. Inca leaders kept their power by giving entertainment and luxurious goods as gifts to the people. The citizens paid taxes in return for these gifts. In the Inca culture, the emperor married his sister and his generals would be his relatives. The Inca rulers were allowed to govern independently. The Aztec power was held together by land ownership. A few families shared a piece of land and part of the land was given to the state as a tax.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entire Maya families ...

Harry S Truman-The Early Years :: essays research papers

Discuss Truman’s early life, including early business, his army service and his political life up through his career in the Senate. Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, MO. He was the son of John Anderson and Martha Ellen Young Truman. A family compromise between grandfathers middle names, Shipp and Solomon resulted giving him only the middle initial S. Sometimes he used a period (.), sometimes he didn’t. In his early childhood, he moved yearly from farm to farm. In 1890 the family moved to Independence, MO where they remained until 1902. After graduating from High School, Truman worked at several odd jobs until landing a position as a clerk at The Union National Bank. Eventually in 1906, Truman moved back to his grandmother’s farm with his parents and took over running the family farm. Truman had an interest in a zinc and lead mine in Oklahoma—the venture failed with a loss of $2,000. He also invested in oil leases in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. Truman and two partners had a well drilled on property in Eureka, Kansas, but Truman gave it up when he joined the Army. Had he stayed back and run the drilling company, he probably would have become a millionaire. Truman took an interest in the Masons and was appointed presiding overseer of a Masonic Lodge and was later elected the lodge Grand Master in 1940. Harry Truman met Elizabeth Virginia (Bess) Wallace in Sunday school when they were both very young, but went through school, graduating together. The two were friendly all through school, although their friendship lapsed when Truman was living and working in Kansas City. When a plate had to be returned to Mrs. Wallace, Bess’ mother, Truman returned the plate and started courting Bess. By early 1917 they were engaged. When the US entered WWII, Truman was sent to Oklahoma as part of the National Guard. He and an advance contingent of the 129th Field Artillery Regiment sailed for France aboard the ‘George Washington.’ Shortly after arriving, Truman was promoted to the rank of Captain and was given command of Battery â€Å"D†, the most unruly group in the regiment. Truman was forthright with the men and it was later recounted that the men ‘idolized’ their captain, referring to him as â€Å"Captain Harry† for the rest of their lives. After the war, Truman and an Army buddy, Ed Jacobson, opened a haberdashery—the shop failed after a few years.

hunter gatherers Essay -- essays research papers fc

Our species have been hunter-gatherers for most of the time we have existed on the Earth. The people of the Paleolithic period adapted themselves to the environment of the time, taking food as and when it was available and hunted game which resulted in a high percentage of their food being meat. Evidence suggests that before the end of the Paleolithic period, hunters would have noted the migratory patterns of the herds they hunted and learned which plants were nutritious and not poisonous. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and berries where gathered when in season and, being nomadic, they followed the sources of food rather than growing crops. Learning to control fire helped them adapt to their environment, both by providing a source of warmth and safety (extending the temperate range in which they could survive) and by making food more palatable and appetising. (I. Kuijt, pp. 103-107) Approximately Twelve thousand years ago the most recent Ice Age retreated. The herds of large cold-climate animals moved north and our ancestors had to change their habits in order to survive. As the more southern locations warmed, some hunter-gatherers found enough food to support the group short distances from their camps. These food plants attracted a wide variety of smaller game such as horse and rabbit. Conditions around the major river systems in warm climates were favourable to settlements, since these areas had sufficient food available for survival year round. Evidence suggests that at this time settled life and the deliberate cultivation of food plants began in five different parts of the world; Euphrates, and the Nile rivers; the Indus River in the northern Indian subcontinent; in China along the Yellow River; the Fertile Crescent area in West Asia along the Tigris; in sub-Saharan Africa and the Niger River system; and in Central America. (http://ragz-international.com/anc ient_civilization.htm) The change to settlement from nomadic living marked the beginning of the Neolithic period. The people now produced food, rather than procuring it, they no longer adapted themselves to their environment, but adapted their environment to them. This involved actions as simple as weeding around food plants, bringing water to the plants during dry periods, and planting seeds so that food grew in a more convenient location. Settled life meant food could be stored as a reserve for times... ...This early farming resulted in the extended kinship networks and economic trade systems that existed as late as the industrial revolution. It affected our culture and changed our drives making us territorial and materialistic, but it also created the hierarchical systems that allowed cooperation within our species beyond that normal in the anima kingdom. It was this cooperation that allowed us to change the world our species lived in, giving us the abilities needed to dominate the planet. Bibliography (1959) R. Redfield The Primitive World and its Transformations Great Seal Books, New York (1991) R. L. Bettinger Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Evolutionary Theory Plenum Press, New York (1995) Hansen international world history project http://ragz-international.com/ancient_civilization.htm Accessed On: 30102003 (2000) I. Kuijt Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity and Differentiation Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York (Sept 2001) R H Steckel et al A History of Health in Europe from the Late Paleolithic to the Present: a Research Proposal (online- http://global.sbs.ohio-state.edu/docs/Proposal-09-03-01.pdf accessed on: 30102003)

Industrial Development and Labor Movement Essay

The answer is FALSE. The development of industrial development contributed to the rise of labor movement. The significant change that was caused by the industrial revolution – the increased efficiency of production through the use of machines – has caused the displacement and alienation of human workers as machines have taken over the production process. The industrial revolution is one of the most significant highlights for the development of human history. It was an advent for the most important technological changes and advancement which translated to increased production efficiency – producing the most number of goods at the least amount of costs. However, the rise of giant industries which made use of machines in production has caused human skilled workers to be displaced from their jobs. The automation of production has made human labor less appealing and less needed. The advent of the rise of machines has caused severe changes in production and labor, and consequently it has driven profound social changes and also driven the economy to be more production efficient with little help from human labor (Hooker). Consequently, the displacement of human laborers and their seemingly less involvement in the process of production have made them less powerful in voicing out their demands. The mechanized production system has made them less represented and less significant in the industry, thus, factory owners didn’t regard them as assets in the industry. This turn of events marked the era wherein laborers didn’t have the ability to speak of their work-related grievances, they lost the voice to call out for fair treatment. In contrast to the earlier times wherein the small employer-employee relationship was prevalent, the workers had the ability and chances to address their demands to their employers. However, the increased automation of production system has also caused the growth of enterprises and the owners hired skilled professionals to more efficiently manage the workers. As a result, there existed a larger gap between the owners and the laborers, making it harder for the laborers to communicate directly to the owner to express their grievances (The American Labor Movement). Moreover, during these times, the workers were forced to work longer hours, getting the most work from them though giving them the lowest wage possible. And because of the production automation, skilled laborers and craftsmen were less valued and the number of unskilled laborers has significantly increased. Thus, these instances, developments and the further impoverishment and unequal treatment for laborers have resulted to the emergence of labor unions that advocated to protect the rights and welfare of laborers. Labor unions became a prevalent action in protecting the common interests of laborers, particularly issues regarding wages and working conditions. These labor and trade unions served as collective organizations that represented the interests of the working class. Moreover, labor unions were sometimes looked upon as political wings campaigning for equitable treatment from employers and lobbying for the implementation of laws governing labor relations. These labor movements focused on issues related on rank-and-file movements, collective bargaining conflicts and organizing political campaigns. These efforts flickered the hopes for industry workers to attain increased political influence to be able to push legislations that shall benefit their cause, and deflect labor laws that were inefficient in protecting the rights of laborers (Turner, 2001). The rise of labor movement became more prevalent in the newly industrialized countries. This happened as global transformations became more influential and encompassing – for example, the â€Å"relocation of low-wage areas, automation and the increasing use of unregulated work arrangements† – all of which contributed to the strong urge of forming a strict and rigid framework of a union that shall defend workers against unfair treatment. (Silver)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, in addition to the animation of production, there is another aspect of industrial revolution that has hastened the rise of labor movement. The unfair labor practices rendered by industrialized nations towards less powerful and poor countries have made it more appealing for workers to organize a movement that was geared minimizing these effects. As the industry grew larger and more powerful, industrialized countries have sought for new markets and new sources of cheap labor, wherein they can yield the most production with labor-intensive processes, with the least amount of costs possible. They utilized the presence of satellite countries wherein they can extract from them the cheapest raw materials, and wherein they can impose to make use of the human capital as a source of cheap and intensive labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, the rise of labor movements was sponsored by the industrial development. This happened in such a way that, as the industry flourished and became automated, it resulted in harsh treatment and displacement of the workers. This unfair treatment led workers to form unions that shall represent them as a whole in addressing their grievances and sentiments. The development of labor movements were hastened by (1) need for social mobilization and institutional change; (2) need for significant representation by workers; (3) call for industry changes; and (4) economic and political protectionism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The industry development happened in such a manner that it gave utter importance to machines and deliberately misappropriated the use of human skills in the course of production. It displaced the rights and abilities of craftsmen and haggardly made use of unskilled worker, as they offered cheap labor despite the intense labor work and long work hours. Consequently though, this instances and treatments have hastened the movements to revive the industry that is mindful of human existence and welfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, industry development, coupled with intense form of exploitation, mistreatment, alienation and displacement for workers have eventually led to the emergence of labor movements. References Hooker, Richard. The Industrial Revolution. Retrieved December 1, 2007 from, Silver, Beverly. Labor Movements from a Global Perspective. The American Labor Movement. Retrieved December 1, 2007 from, Turner, Lowell. (2001) Reviving the Labor Movement. School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Cornell University.

Conduct a Stakeholder Analysis for a Planned Upgrade

As you know, my company is planning to construct a nuclear power plant in Oregon. Indeed, the conduct stakeholder analysis is important as a prerequisite of the decision approving the plan because stakeholders play an important role for the projects such as project stakeholders are involved in or affected by the project activity. The project manager must take the time to identify, understand, and manage the relationships between all stakeholders of the project. The use of four framework can help organizations meet the needs and expectations of stakeholders. And the senior member of the Board is the key stakeholders.Accordingly, to conduct stakeholder analysis for a plan to upgrade the software product successfully. We need to analyze the stakeholders are and what is its impact on the success of the project. Sets of project stakeholders include: Internal Stakeholders †¢Top management †¢Accountant †¢Other functional managers †¢Project team members External Stakehold ers †¢Clients †¢Competitors †¢Suppliers †¢Environmental, political, consumer and other intervener groups. Important tasks of the project leader are to have good relationships with stakeholders, understand correctly and meet their expectations.In addition, to the success of software projects, we should analyze the following points in order of importance: Support of leadership, The participation of users, The project management experience The explicit goal The range is reduced Standard software platform The basic requirements do not change Methodology form Reliable estimate In addition to hard skills and soft skills, more and more as the project leader of more work such as planning, organizing, budgeting, adjust the plan. etc. This work not only the project leader to implement but also to have analytical logic must have the foresight to identify the future steps of the project.

Psychoeducational Groups, the Best Option for Teen Mom

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL GROUPS:THE BEST OPTIONS FOR TEEN MOMS. English 215 November 24,2012 Teen pregnancy has been a problem in the United States for years. Although rates have dropped since the 1990’s, teen pregnancy rates in the United States are still higher than other western societies. Teenage pregnancy is accompanied with many negative consequences such as shortened educational experience, diminished employment, larger family size, increased risk of single- parent and poverty. Teen mothers struggle on a daily basis, if you are one of them you should visit a psychoeducational group.Teen mothers should attend psychoeducational groups because they can teach teen moms parenting skills, social skills, and provide them with the support they need in order to maintain a healthy life style. The group can also include teenage fathers. Psychoeducational groups will work best for this population because it will create a safe place where teenagers can learn parenting skills and have the s upport of one another. Since each teen is going through the same situation, they will be able to relate to one another and feel understood.While there are negative consequences for the mother, the infant is also at risk by being born to a teenage mother. One of the most common occurrences is low birth weight. Low birth weight increases the mortality rate. It also has long-term effects such as developmental and cognitive delays. Low birth weight can be caused by the mother’s lack of prenatal care, poor diet and stress. Prior to becoming pregnant, the teen’s bodies are not prepared for the change. Pregnancy takes a toll on the body that most teens are not ready for. When their body is not ready, the baby can witness the negative effects.The teens need to adopt healthier lifestyles once they become pregnant. They group will provide information about the importance of a healthy diet. They will also be encouraged to seek prenatal care and attend the necessary appointments. By teaching the girls the importance of health care, they will be able to carry it over to their child’s life. The group is clearly for pregnant teens and for teen mothers since they will teach them to take care of themselves before they give birth, that way when they have the baby the teenagers will be able to take ood care of the kids. Lacking these skills is no surprise because the teens were not prepared to become mothers and have a lack of knowledge about child development. In addition, it is important that teens learn parenting skills. The teens need to be taught child care skills in order to better their life and the life of their child. Throughout life, the infant will depend on the parent for the basic needs of life. If the parent is not able to provide, the child will suffer. The group provides them with the support they need to implement the skills.The types of skills the girls can learn are†¦ Also, teenage mothers are less likely to be responsive to their chi ld, less positive child rearing attitudes, more likely to abuse their children. Learning these skills can decrease this. The stress that comes along with teen parenting is inevitable. It can stem from many aspects of their life such as school, financial responsibilities, and providing a safe environment for their child. Stress can be linked to an increase in psychological problems for the mother and increased birth complications.Teenage mothers are more prone to developing depression. However, receiving social support can decrease the amount of stress the teen experiences. When the amount of stress is decreases, the risk of birth complications also lowers. It also decreases depressive symptoms post birth. Many teen mothers lack the support they need when they are going through this stage of life. While learning new skills, the teens are also able to gain a new support system. We can define support as the presences of stable human relationships.The mothers need support because most o f them, not all, come from a low socioeconomic status; minority status, urban living, and having single parent. Having a stable human relationship can be hard to find living under these conditions. Therefore, the group is able to provide the mothers with the support they need in order to overcome the obstacles of teen pregnancy. During the teenage years, individuals go through many developmental changes such as identity development, emerging independence, and developing intimate relationships with others.When adding a baby to the equation, the situation only becomes harder and it puts stress on the development of the teenager. Much of their development is put on hold because of the baby and the need to jump into the mother role when they are not prepared. Therefore, they do not learn how to develop intimate relationships with their peers. In addition to the educational aspect of the group; it can also provide a social network for the girls. They are able to interact with others and learn how to develop intimate relationships.Since they are all struggling with the same issue, they will find it easier to relate to one another. The mother’s education level is the main predictor of the baby’s life outcome. If the mother does not receive a high school diploma, the chances of living in poverty are increased. The group can educate mothers on alternative ways to obtain a high school diploma. There are many options the teens can use to obtain a high school diploma. One alternative is obtaining a G. E. D. There are also program that allow teens to finish high school in their home.The most important thing the group can do is encourage the mothers to finish high school and teach them the negative consequences of not finishing high school. Obtaining a well-paying job will be difficult without a high school diploma. The girls will also not be able to continue their education without a high school diploma. Living in poverty can lead to a lack of many necessitie s of life such as health care. Not having health care can put the baby at risk because they are not receiving routine check-ups.If they are not able to afford health care, there are many social services that can make health care accessible to them that they may not know about. Teens need to be educated on the methods available in order to prevent having more children. Many teenagers do not use any type of contraceptive during their first sexual experience. The group can offer the girls education about contraceptives and the correct way to use them. Many sexual education courses in the United States promote abstinence. While that would be the desirable result for all teens, it is not always the case.There are many forms of contraceptives that can be readily available to the girls if they continue to be sexually active. It is important to educate them on this topic so they can avoid having another child. The group offers a neutral environment in which they girls can ask any question t hey want and offer them information about different types of contraceptives. When helping teenage mothers overcome their struggles, they need to be taught certain skills in order to survive. The psychoeducational group will provide them with the resources they need.Teenagers will benefit from a group setting over an individual setting. For one, they will be able to engage with other girls who are going through the same thing and they can see that they are not alone. In the individual setting, teenagers may feel singled out or attacked. It can be hard for them to relate to someone who is not in the same situation as them. Also, since teen mothers do not have the time to socialize and develop social skills, the group setting offers them a chance to develop the social skills needed. They will have an interactive experience for the purpose of learning new skills.While interacting with other people, they will be exposed to new ideas and viewpoints about their situation. Learning how to s ocialize with others will improve their relationships at home. It can also improve their self-esteem. While learning from the other girls, they can also teach them the strategies they have used. The focus of psychoeducational groups is preventing behaviors and teaching new skills. Therefore, it is not therapy based. This can be beneficial when working with teenagers because therapy can be viewed as a negative thing.For some cultures, seeking therapy may even be out of the question. If the group is based on developing skills, it takes away from the therapy aspect. Since many of the teen mothers are not ready for motherhood, the group can provide them with the necessary parenting skills they will need to know. By teaching them parenting skills, the girls can be more confident in their parenting abilities. When they know how to appropriately handle a situation, they are less likely to take it out on their children. Also, keeping their stress at a low level will have positive benefits f or the parent-child relationship.The benefits of a psychoeducational group for teen pregnancy are evident. At this age, teens are experiencing many developmental changes and raising a child at the same time can be overwhelming. Since teen pregnancy is becoming more common, it is inevitable that counselors working with adolescences or families will encounter this topic. Once they are taught the right skills needed, they will feel more confident about being a parent. References: 1-Ambul Pediatr (2003). The parenting project for teen mothers: the impact of a nurturing curriculum on adolescent parenting skills and life hassles. ONLINE] Available at: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12974663. 2- Mobley, J, & Fort, S. D. (2007). Planning psycho-educational groups for school. Retrieved August 28,2007 from http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas07/Mobley. pdf. 3- Bethany Casarjian (2003). The youth project. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. lionheart. org/youth/youth_landing. 4- Valerie Burgess (2005). Improving Comfort About sex communication between parents and heir adolescents. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Improving_Comfort_About_Sex_Communication_Between_Parents

Pablo Neruda’s Use of Nature Essay

The natural world is one that exists outside of all human constructs and limitations, and illuminates a valuable reality in the world. When considering Pablo Neruda’s body of work, a clear thematic focus on nature is visible. Many of his poems reference the natural, untouched world. This is a thematic juxtaposition to the over-structured, artificial nature of human culture. Using nature symbolically within these poems allows for a clear distinction to be drawn between the real and the artificial, and speaks to the flaws that Neruda sees within society. He brings to the reader’s attention the value of instinctual behavior and emotion, as well as the natural qualities of humans, women in particular, and the social constraints by which all people are bound. His disapproval and call for change is apparent. Neruda’s use of natural symbolism within Walking Around and I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair illustrates several separate issues of superficiality versus reality, The poem I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair serves as an excellent demonstration of this divide of the real versus the superficial. Natural imagery is used within this poem to illustrate that the woman in question supersedes the artificial constructs of society. â€Å"Your hands the color of a savage harvest,/ hunger for the pale stones of your fingernails† is an evident example of this natural symbolism. Within this poem the female is portrayed as raw and real, an element of nature, as opposed to a part of the society that humans have created. Neruda uses similes and metaphors to draw this comparison, illustrating her value and power within the world and upon him. Through his stylistic choices, he demonstrates how his attraction, his need for this woman, is not merely superficial and lustful, as she herself is something greater than what society allows. Although throughout the poem the woman’s physical features are illustrated as the attractive elements of her, it is clear that it is not in fact the body to which he is speaking, but to the qualities that supersede shallow lust. Furthermore, Neruda addresses the most complex and visceral elements within the woman, which he finds the most attractive. â€Å"I want to eat the sunbeam flaring in your lovely body† may at first seem as a line speaking to lust for her body, when this is not the case. Neruda’s utilization of the sunbeam to describe her body makes this evident. He is not addressing her body, or any material aspects,  but in fact addressing the elements of true humanity, that so many people lack, within her. It is clear that he values this true sense of life more than her outward appearance, and it is this yearning for the natural and real that stands as true for all of Neruda’s works. He makes it evident that it is the elements beyond superficial beauty, those that are more than the wants or needs of society, which he truly values and adores. This natural imagery, often used in the context of woman, speaks to Neruda’s overall belief that true emotions are fundamentally more valuable than what society has to offer. He clearly illustrates that although the artificially constructed may be more comfortable, whilst the natural may be more vulgar and unpleasant, the latter is more valuable nevertheless. It is evident throughout his works that he yearns for real emotion and true feeling, as can be seen through several lines in I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair, where he describes himself as â€Å"Silent and starving,/ I prowl through the streets.† The visceral qualities here, as well as the direct comparison of himself to a predatory animal, allow the reader to understand what he perceives as important: the return to natural ways and instincts. Accompanying this is natural emotion, without the veil of social or political acceptance present. His metaphoric hunt for this woman can be paralleled to his search for true emotion and rawness thought within the world. The woman can then be seen as a metaphor for the society that Neruda lived in, within which the natural and instinctual was hidden behind an outward appearance. This importance cast upon true emotion is also emphasized in Walking Around: â€Å"The only thing I want is to lie still like stones or wool.† Neruda speaks to the condition of being a man in society, with many expectations placed upon him, and his discontentment with it. Instead he would prefer to simply exist, in his purest form, like stones, or wool, preferring to be nothing as opposed to living and feeling falsely as society demands. Through this poem Neruda’s frustration with his inability to do this, due to the social constraints that bind, him is apparent. The use of natural comparison allows for a portrayal of the pure and natural things he wants to feel, and that he believes others ought to feel as well. Neruda acknowledges that society is the barrier to these true emotions, and  within the poem Walking Around he discusses the constraints that the human, artificial world imposes upon people by juxtaposing elements of society against the natural world, saying â€Å"And it so happens that I walk into tailor shops and movie houses/ dried up, waterproof, like a swan made of felt†. Neruda draws a stark contrast between the situations within his life that should be moments of comfort, possibly even luxury, and how he feels, dried up, internally dead. He delivers his message through this imagery, illustrating how society has bound him, and how it binds all people living within it. He goes on to say â€Å"I don’t want to go on as a root and a tomb,/alone under the ground, a warehouse with corpses,/ half frozen, dying of grief.† This very powerful image of decay and entrapment within the earth continues to assert his message. Through this stanza Neruda speaks to the internal death and suffocation he experiences being forced to conform, having to act and feel as is expected, while basking in false comforts and enjoying false commodities. His use of natural symbolism illustrated his wish to break free, and feel true freedom. However, he is also willing to acknowledge the firm grasp society has on all existing as a part of it. â€Å"I don’t want to go on being a root in the dark† is a clear acknowledgment of Neruda’s understanding of the system. Although in this case, the natural imagery used does not bear a positive connotation as it does in other places within his work, it is used to demonstrate power and intensity, and a stronghold upon people greater than anything else in their lives. He understands that he is a root, holding up this tree that inevitably traps him and everyone else, although he does continue to hope for an emotional and spiritual freedom, and indicates the small vict ories that he finds within his life. His desire for a real experience â€Å"†¦pushes me into certain corners, into some moist houses, into hospitals where the bones fly out the window,/ into shoe shops that smell like vinegar† These are the places in which Neruda describes freedom, where the grip of society is not as firm and he can truly feel the ugliness and raw nature of the world can be felt. This entire stanza stands to discuss the places in society that are generally deemed as negative, and although he uses words with commonly negative connotation to describe them, the message he is putting across is a positive one. Through the graphic imagery portrayed and the disgust it evokes, Neruda calls out to the reader, to feel more often, and illustrates how these  negative feelings serve as a great positive. He uses this to juxtapose the feelings of contentment so often evoked in society, and the lack of emotion that exists within this. It is within these ugly places that Neruda feels the reality of life comes through and it is these places he deems most valuable. Through his thematic use of nature this is vividly illustrated for the reader and the importance of this freedom and its extreme power is really emphasized throughout his works. Within I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair as well as Walking Around Pablo Neruda uses natural symbolism to illustrate three separate issues of superficiality versus reality, and to discuss what he views as the problem with this superficiality. He brings to light the value of the natural within people, in particular in women; the importance of natural behavior and emotion; as well as the social constraints under which all people exist and should attempt to break away from. The use of nature symbolically does this particularly well due to the drastic juxtaposition that can then be drawn between the constructed, artificial human world and the completely untouched natural, true world. This theme is present not only within these two poems but within Neruda’s entire body of work. It serves as a unifying element for his poetry and as a message of great value for his readers. Works Cited Neruda, Pablo â€Å"I Crave Your Mouth, Your Voice, Your Hair† trans. Stephen Tapscott. 27 December 2012. Neruda, Pablo â€Å"Walking Around† trans. Robert Bly. 27 December 2012

Wal-Mart Competitive Advantages Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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